was a crucial part of the war plans by the top military commanders in order to survive and finally win the war. It simply meant that there was not enough time for diplomacy to negotiate in order to prevent war from breaking out and to be transformed into unlimited war with unpredictable consequences. In practice, such military strategy effectively
The Napoleonic Wars influenced Clausewitz to caution that war is being transformed into a struggle among whole nations and peoples without limits and restrictions, but without clear political aims and/or objectives. In his On War (in three volumes, published after his death), he explained the relationship between war and politics. In other words, w
A Prussian general and military theorist, Carl Philipp Gottfried von Clausewitz (1780−1831), the son of a Lutheran Pastor, entered the Prussian military service when he was only 12, and achieved the rank of Major-General in his 38. He was studying the philosophy of I. Kant and became involved in the successful reform of the Prussian army. Clausew
Some Russian voices have even called for the “de-Turkification” of Crimea—an effort to replace Turkic place-names with those used in ancient Greek times. For example, Crimea would become Taurida, Kerch would become Pantikapaion, Feodosia would become Theodosia, and Sevastopol would become Sevastoupoli. This is a deliberate attempt to erase th
For more than three centuries, the Crimean Tatars maintained their own political and cultural institutions while serving as a vassal of the Ottoman Empire. This era defined much of their national identity—until Catherine the Great annexed the khanate in 1783, marking the beginning of Russian imperial domination. Amid the chaos of the Russian Revo